computing:git
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Table of Contents
GIT
Getting Started
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Start a new repo | git init |
| Clone an existing repo | git clone <url> |
Configure Git
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Set a config option | git config user.name 'Your Name' |
| Set a config option | git config user.email 'Your email' |
| Set option system wide in /etc/gitconfig | git config –system … |
| Set option globally in ~/.gitconfig | git config –global … |
| Set option locally in the repository .git/config file | git config –local … |
| Add an alias | git config alias.st status |
| See all possible config options | man git-config |
Prepare to Commit
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Add untracked file or unstaged changes | git add <file> |
| Add all untracked files and unstaged changes | git add . |
| Choose which parts of a file to stage | git add -p |
| Move file | git mv <old> <new> |
| Delete file | git rm <file> |
| Tell Git to forget about a file without deleting it | git rm –cached <file> |
| Unstage one file | git reset <file> |
| Unstage everything | git reset |
| Check what you added | git status |
| Check what you added, short format | git status -s |
Make Commits
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Make a commit (and open text editor to write message) | git commit |
| Make a commit | git commit -m 'message' |
| Commit all unstaged changes | git commit -am 'message' |
Move Between Branches
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Switch branches | git switch <name> OR git checkout <name> |
| Create a branch | git branch <name> OR git switch -c <name> OR git checkout -b <name> |
| List branches | git branch |
| List branches by most recently committed to | git branch –sort=-committerdate |
| Delete a branch | git branch -d <name> |
| Force delete a branch | git branch -D <name> |
Diff Staged/Unstaged Changes
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Diff all staged and unstaged changes | git diff HEAD |
| Diff just staged changes | git diff –staged |
| Diff just unstaged changes | git diff |
Diff Commits
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Show diff between a commit and its parent | git show <commit> |
| Diff two commits | git diff <commit> <commit> |
| Diff one file since a commit | git diff <commit> <file> |
| Show a summary of a diff | git diff <commit> –stat git show <commit> –stat |
Discard Your Changes
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Delete unstaged changes to one file | git restore <file> OR git checkout <file> |
| Delete all staged and unstaged changes to one file | git restore –staged –worktree <file> OR git checkout HEAD <file> |
| Delete all staged and unstaged changes | git reset –hard |
| Delete untracked files | git clean |
| 'Stash' all staged and unstaged changes | git stash |
Edit History
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| “Undo” the most recent commit (keep your working directory the same) | git reset HEAD^ |
| Squash the last 5 commits into one | git rebase -i HEAD~6 Then change “pick” to “fixup” for any commit you want to combine with the previous one |
| Undo a failed rebase | git reflog BRANCHNAME Then manually find the right commit ID in the reflog, then run: git reset –hard <commit> |
| Change a commit message (or add a file you forgot) | git commit –amend |
Code Archaeology
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Show the files under control | git ls-files |
| Look at a branch's history | git log main git log –graph <main> git log –oneline |
| Show every commit that modified a file | git log <file> |
| Show every commit that modified a file, including before it was renamed | git log –follow <file> |
| Find every commit that added or removed some text | git log -G banana |
| Show who last changed each line of a file | git blame <file> |
Combine Diverged Branches
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Abort a merge | git merge –abort |
| Combine with Rebase | git switch banana git rebase main Before  After  |
| Combine with Merge | git switch main git merge banana Before  After  |
| Combine with Square Merge | git switch main git merge –squash banana git commit Before  After  |
| Bring a branch up to date with another branch (aka “fast-forward merge”) | git switch main git merge banana git commit Before  After  |
| Copy one commit onto the current branch | git cherry-pick <commit> Before  After  |
Restore an Old File
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Get the version of a file from another commit | git checkout <commit> <file> OR git restore <file> –source <commit> |
Remote Repositories
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Add a Remote | git remote add <name> <url> |
| Push the main branch to the remote origin | git push origin main |
| Push the current branch to its remote “tracking branch” | git push |
| Push a branch that you've never pushed before | git push -u origin <name> |
| Force push | git push –force-with-lease |
| Push tags | git push –tags |
| Pull changes (but don't change any of your local branches) | git fetch origin main |
| Pull changes and then rebase your current branch | git pull –rebase |
| Pull changes and then merge them into your current branch | git pull origin main OR git pull |
Important Files
| Item | Location |
|---|---|
| Local git config | .git/config |
| Global git config | ~/.gitconfig |
| List of files to ignore | .gitignore |
Merge Conflicts
Common merge error:
Auto-merging test.c CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in test.c Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
Run command:
git log --merge --oneline ---------------- 1d91b52 (bugfix1) 2e bugfix 91d17b9 (HEAD -> master) New featurein Master 578b59d bugfix in bugfix branch
git status
------------
On branch master
You have unmerged paths.
(fix conflicts and run "git commit")
(use "git merge --abort" to abort the merge)
Unmerged paths:
(use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
both modified: test.c
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
test_BACKUP_29859.c
test_BASE_29859.c
test_LOCAL_29859.c
test_REMOTE_29859.c
Edit the test.c file to resolve the conflict:
nano test.c ----------- first version test.c file <<<<<<< HEAD New Feature added in Master branch ======= Bugfix1 in bugfix branch Bugfix2 in bugfix branch >>>>>>> bugfix1
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computing/git.1777230783.txt.gz · Last modified: by oscar