====== KVM ====== ---- ===== Installation ===== Install all the required for the installation of Qemu, KVM hypervisor, and Libvirt # apt install qemu-system libvirt-daemon-system qemu-utils virt-manager * qemu-system: is an open source virtualizer that provides hardware emulation for the KVM hypervisor. It acts as a virtual machine monitor together with the KVM kernel modules, and emulates the hardware for a full system such as a PC and its associated peripherals. * virt-manager: Virt-Manager is a graphical user interface (GUI) tool for managing virtual machines through libvirt-daemon. * libvirt-daemon-system: provides API libraries that enables GUI apps such as virt-manager to communicate with libvirtd daemon, a system service libvirtd , and a virsh CLI tool * qemu-utils: Various utilities e.g. for manipulating disk images * virtinst: Allows to create Virtual Machines (VMs) from the command-line. Verify that the virtualization daemon, libvritd-daemon, is operating before moving on. Execute the command to achieve this. # systemctl status libvirtd Output: ● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; enabled; preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Sun 2023-08-06 10:57:02 CEST; 1min 30s ago TriggeredBy: ● libvirtd-ro.socket ● libvirtd-admin.socket ● libvirtd.socket Docs: man:libvirtd(8) https://libvirt.org Main PID: 7999 (libvirtd) Tasks: 19 (limit: 32768) Memory: 15.7M CPU: 188ms CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service └─7999 /usr/sbin/libvirtd --timeout 120 Aug 06 10:57:02 pcwerkkamer systemd[1]: Starting libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon... Aug 06 10:57:02 pcwerkkamer systemd[1]: Started libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon. Check if libvirtd service will start automatically at boot time. # systemctl is-enabled libvirtd Output: enabled If disabled run the following command to have it boot automatically: # systemctl enable --now libvirtd Use the following command to determine whether the KVM modules are loaded: $ lsmod | grep -i kvm kvm_intel 380928 0 kvm 1142784 1 kvm_intel irqbypass 16384 1 kvm ===== Configuration ===== === User priviliges === In order to manage virtual machines as a regular user, that user needs to be added to the libvirt group: # adduser libvirt or (not sure if kvm group is needed) # usermod -aG libvirt,kvm === User-specific and system-wide VMs === By default, if virsh is run as a normal user it will connect to libvirt using: **qemu:%%///%%session** URI string. This URI allows virsh to manage only the set of VMs belonging to this particular user. To manage the system set of VMs (i.e., VMs belonging to root) virsh should be run as root or with: **qemu:%%///%%system** URI: $ virsh --connect qemu:///system list --all To avoid having to use the --connect flag on every command, the URI string can be set in the LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI environment variable: $ export LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI='qemu:///system' ===== Libvirt default network ===== If you use libvirt to manage your VMs, libvirt provides a NATed bridged network named "default/virbr0" that allows the host to communicate with the guests. 3: virbr0: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:f5:c4:41 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever This network is available only for the system domains (that is VMs created by root or using the "qemu:system" connection URI). VMs using this network end up in 192.168.122.1/24 and DHCP is provided to them via dnsmasq. This network is not automatically started. To start it use: virsh --connect=qemu:///system net-start default To make the default network start automatically use: virsh --connect=qemu:///system net-autostart default ===== Change XML configuration ===== Extract the xml from an existing qcow2 image by: virsh dumpxml Windows-11 > Windows-11.xml Edit and modify the tags in the XML file. Undefine the XML config from the old vm to prevent an error because of a duplicate UUID: virsh undefine --nvram Windows-11 or virsh undefine Windows-11 Import / define the new XML file: virsh define Windows-11.xml Of course you will have to stop and start the vm for the changes to take effect: virsh destroy name_of_vm virsh start name_of_vm ===== Error Access ISO files, etc. ===== Directory, that libvirt is using for storing/reading ISO and qcow2 files needs to be readable by libvirt-qemu user. In case of an error opening an ISO or image file, the "libvirt-qemu" user does not have access to the file or the directories holding the files. The "libvirt-qemu" user needs **"r+x"** permissions **all the way up the path**. You can check if unix permissions are correct by running a shell under user "libvirt-qemu" and see if you can ls along the path all the way up to the files: $ sudo su -s /bin/bash libvirt-qemu If you can't ls with an account that does have access yields a result with a permission line that contains a dot such as drwxrwxr-x. meaning extended ACL permissions. === Fix 1: === Put the iso or image into one of the pool directories of libvirt manager. E.g. /var/lib/libvirt/images Or any other paths that have full r others rights. ===== Convert VirtualBox to KVM ===== qemu-img convert -f vdi -O qcow2 virtualbox-name.vdi kvm-name.qcow2 ===== Shrink KVM qcow2 image ===== qemu-img convert -O qcow2 source.qcow2 shrunk.qcow2 ===== Make SATA disk available in Windows Client ===== To make a SATA disk partition available in a Windows VM add the disk to the domain’s xml config file by hand. First find the id of the partition that you want to add. Rather than using /dev/sda you should use /dev/disk/by-id/ where you get from ls -l /dev/disk/by-id Now edit the ///etc/libvirt/qemu/${YOUR_VM}.xml// file and add a section to the section: # nano /etc/libvirt/qemu/${YOUR_VM}.xml or virsh edit ${YOUR_VM} ---------------------------------------------- This will make the host’s partition available in the guest as /dev/vdb (D:). After changing a domain’s config by hand, you have to reload the config by hand. Log in to your host and issue this command: # virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/${YOUR_VM}.xml Domain YOUR_VM defined from /etc/libvirt/qemu/${YOUR_VM}.xml ===== Links ===== * [[https://wiki.debian.org/KVM#Installation]]