Differences

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--- raspberry:cross-platform-compile:cross-compile-overview [2026/09/02 20:32] – oscar
+++ raspberry:cross-platform-compile:cross-compile-overview [2026/09/04 12:41] (current) – [Cross Platform Development for Raspberry] oscar
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
   - **Different Linux/Debian versions** on X86 build host and Raspberry runtime target
-  - [[raspberry:cross-platform-compile:setup-for-identical-Debian-versions|Setup for Identical Debian versions]]
+  - [[raspberry:cross-platform-compile:check-architecture|Check the architecture of Host and Target]]
-  - [[raspberry:cross-platform-compile:setup-for-different-Debian-versions|Setup for Different Debian versions]]
-[[raspberry:cross-platform-compile:crossbuild-essential-armhf|crossbuild-essential-armhf]]
+  - [[raspberry:cross-platform-compile:setup-for-identical-Debian-versions|For identical Debian distro/version]]
+  - [[raspberry:cross-platform-compile:setup-for-different-Debian-versions|For different Debian distro/version]]
+  - [[raspberry:cross-platform-compile:cross-platform-debugging|Cross Platform Debugging]]
+===== Compatibility rule =====
+Build against the oldest operating-system release and CPU that the resulting
+binary must support. Do not link a Bookworm target against Trixie ARM libraries. Doing so can create
+dependencies on newer glibc or library symbols that are unavailable on the
+Bookworm target. For example:
+<code>
+Incorrect:
+Trixie compiler + Trixie armhf libraries -> Bookworm target
+Correct:
+Trixie compiler + Bookworm armhf sysroot -> Bookworm target
+</code>
 ===== The problem with different host and target ARM libraries =====
@@ Line 50: / Line 67: @@
        ".../lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.41' not found..."
 </code>
-This is one of the most common reasons why **building on a newer distribution for an older target** causes trouble.
+This is one of the most common reasons why **building on a newer distribution for an older target** causes trouble. It isn't only the **libraries** that matter. The headers matter too. Suppose you compile against Trixie's headers (///usr/include//), but run on Bookworm. You can potentially get differences in:
-It isn't only the **libraries** that matter. The headers matter too. Suppose you compile against Trixie's headers (///usr/include//), but run on Bookworm. You can potentially get differences in:
   * API definitions
   * feature macros
@@ Line 60: / Line 76: @@
   * library-specific APIs
 So the ideal relationship is:
-<code>
-                   Raspbian Bookworm
-                  ┌─────────────────┐
-                  │ headers         │
-                  │ libraries       │
-                  │ linker files    │
-                  │ ABI             │
-                  └────────┬────────┘
-                           │
-                           ▼
-                     cross compiler
-                           │
-                           ▼
-                    your executable
-</code>
 That's why a **target-specific sysroot** is the clean solution.
@@ Line 88: / Line 89: @@
 </code>
 The rule is simple: **Don't build against a newer userspace than the oldest target you intend to support.** This is particularly important for `glibc`.
-===== Nog uit te zoeken =====
-This distinction matters:
-### Target = Debian armhf
-<code>
-Debian Bookworm x86-64
-        ↓
-Debian Bookworm armhf
-</code>
-Excellent fit for: crossbuild-essential-armhf
-### Target = Raspberry Pi OS 32-bit
-<code>
-Debian Bookworm x86-64
-        ↓
-Raspberry Pi OS armhf
-</code>
-You should ideally use the **actual Raspberry Pi OS sysroot/libraries**.
-This becomes particularly important if you're linking against anything beyond libc.
-you want the headers and libraries corresponding to the **actual target system**. Otherwise you can end up with:
-<code>
-compile successfully
-       ↓
-link successfully
-       ↓
-copy to Pi
-       ↓
-runtime/library incompatibility
-</code>
 ====== Raspberry Pi OS vs Debian armhf ======
-One important distinction: Raspberry Pi OS vs Debian armhf
+One important distinction: Raspberry Pi OS vs Debian armhf. Raspberry Pi OS is Debian-derived, but its 32-bit repository contains packages built for Raspberry Pi hardware and may contain versions or patches marked with `+rpt`. Use the Raspberry Pi OS repositories when Raspberry Pi OS is the
+target. Use Debian repositories only when the target is Debian armhf.
-There is, however, a **very important caveat** for Raspberry Pi.
-If your target is **Raspberry Pi OS 32-bit**, don't blindly assume that Debian Bookworm's armhf libraries are an exact match.
-Debian itself points this out:
+If your target is **Raspberry Pi OS 32-bit**, don't blindly assume that Debian Bookworm's armhf libraries are an exact match. Debian itself points this out:
 > Raspberry Pi OS armhf can be subtly incompatible with Debian armhf.